E-book Iceland : The Insider's Guide

Iceland features stunning waterfalls of all sizes and descriptions, but at Seljalandsfoss, in South Iceland, you can actually walk behind the curtain of water. At the Silfra Fissure in Þingvellir National Park, you can snorkel or scuba dive in the crack between the North American and Eurasian continents. Fed by Langjökull glacier, the water in the fissure is famously clear, with exceptional v…

E-book Estonia : A Succesfully Integrated Population-Registration and Identit…

Estonia, one of the three Baltic countries, experienced a political and economic reorganization after regaining its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. One of the first priorities of the newly established government was to rebuild a national identity system. As a result, during the 1990s, the legal foundations for the new system were laid out, and both a national identification number s…

E-book Dog Training Theory

According to current knowledge, dogs’ visual acuity is assumed to be three to four times worse than that of humans. 1. Dogs see objects closer than 30-50 cm in front of them as blurry, which is why they sniff around when pieces of food are very close to them, for example.2 Dogs perceive movement much better than humans. They can detect small movements even at distances of almost one kilometre…

E-book Doing Business : Panama

Doing Business captures several important dimensions of the regulatory environment as it applies to local firms. It provides quantitative indicators on regulation for starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. …

E-book Doing Business : Trinidad and Tobago

Doing Business captures several important dimensions of the regulatory environment as it applies to local firms. It provides quantitative indicators on regulation for starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. …

E-book Doing Business : Norway

The web-based filing system allows for electronic signature of the registration form and for the possibility to upload all attachments (i.e., copies of signed versions of the memorandum, auditor statements, and the rest) electronically. It is still possible to file all documents manually by regular mail as well. In some cases registration inquiries cannot be filed online (i.e., mergers, some ca…

E-book The State of Food and Agriculture

Agriculture is underperforming in many developing countries for a number of reasons. Among these is the fact that women lack the resources and opportunities they need to make the most productive use of their time. Women are farmers, workers and entrepreneurs, but almost everywhere they face more severe constraints than men in accessing productive resources, markets and services. This “gender …

E-book World Agriculture : Towards 2015/2030

This study is the latest forward assessment by FAO of possible future developments in world food, nutrition and agriculture, including the crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors. It is the product of a multidisciplinary exercise, involving most of the technical units and disciplines present in FAO, as well as specialists from outside FAO. It continues the tradition of FAO’s periodic…

E-book Guidelines for Soil Description

The main objective of research in soil science is the understanding of the nature, properties, dynamics and functions of the soil as part of landscapes and ecosystems. A basic requirement for attaining that objective is the availability of reliable information on soil morphology and other characteristics obtained through examination and description of the soil in the field. It is important that…

E-book Oral Health and Oral Diseases

The pearly white visible part of the tooth is the crown and the longer portion anchored inside the gum and the bone is the root. The outermost hardest white cover is known as the enamel. The inner relatively less hard part is the dentin. It surrounds the pulp containing blood vessels and nerves of the tooth. Teeth are embedded in the jawbone which is covered from outside by a specialized layer …

E-book Quality in Primary Health Care

The quality of primary health care can be greatly affected by the prevailing culture and environment of the health system. There are a number of interventions to improve quality of care at the system level that create an enabling environment, including: national workforce strategies; registration and licensing mechanisms; external evaluation or accreditation; public reporting and benchmarking m…

E-book Laboratory Safety Guidance

OSHA has established permissible exposure limits (PELs), as specified in 29 CFR 1910, subpart Z, for hundreds of chemical substances. A PEL is the chemical-specific concentration in inhaled air that is intended to represent what the average, healthy worker may be exposed to daily for a lifetime of work without significant adverse health effects. The employer must ensure that workers’ exposure…

E-book Doing Business 2020 : Luxembourg

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, Doing Business uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 tim…

E-book Doing Business 2020 : Ireland

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, this book uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times th…

E-book Vanillla : Post-harvest Operations

Composition of processed vanilla beans is fairly variable and complex due to a number of variables such as species, growth conditions, soil composition, fruit maturity and mainly, the type of processing. All these variables define the relative content of the chemical constituents in the processed beans, which makes it difficult to define their typical composition. Ranadive (1994) reported a com…

E-book Doing Business 2020 : Morocco

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, this ebook uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times t…

E-book Global Bioenergy Statistics 2021

Bioenergy refers to the use of biological commodity (or biomass) used specifically for energy purposes. The energy use implies the use of biomass for electricity and heat generation and the conversion of biomass to secondary products such as biofuels to be used in the transportation sector. For bioenergy, the energy content of the fuel is considered as primary energy. Derived heat. If the heat …

The New American Bible

On September 30, 1943, His Holiness Pope Pius XII issued his now famous encyclical on scripture studies. Divino afflante Spiritu. He wrote : "We ought to explain the original text which was written by the inspired author himself and has more authority and greater weight than any, even the very best, translation whether ancient or modern. This can be done all the more easily and fruitfully if to…

E-book Papaya : Post-harvest Operations

The pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) is the most economically important fruit in the Caricaceae Family. In some parts of the world, specially Australia and some islands of the West Indies, it is known as papaw, or pawpaw, names which are better limited to the very different, mainly wild Asimina triloba Dunal, belonging to the Annonaceae. While the name pawpaw is widely recognized, it has been corrupte…

E-book Doing Business 2020 : Mongolia

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income p…

E-book Doing Business 2020 : Turkey

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 Doing Business economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 tim…

E-book Guideline : Sugars Intake for Adults and Children

This guideline was coordinated by Dr Chizuru Nishida, Coordinator of the Nutrition Policy and Scientific Advice Unit (NPU) in the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development (NHD), with technical support and inputs from Dr Jason Montez, Technical Officer, NPU, and Dr Francesco Branca, Director, NHD. WHO gratefully acknowledges the technical input and expert advice provided by the mem…

E-book Radiation and Health

Radiation is energy that moves through space or matter at a very high speed. This energy can be in the form of particles, such as alpha or beta particles, which are emitted from radioactive materials, or waves such as light, heat, radiowaves, microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays. Radioactive materials, also known as radionuclides or radioisotopes, are atoms that are unstable. In nature, there is a…

E-book Doing Business : Thailand

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city. To make the data comparable across 190 economies, uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income p…

E-book Fruit Juice

Fruit juices are made from pure filtered fruit juice with nothing added. Sodium benzoate can be added as a preservative to extend the shelf life, but this is not essential. Properly pasteurised juice has a shelf life of several months. Most fruits can be used to make juice. The most popular ones are pineapple, orange, mango, grapefruit and passion fruit.

E-book Alcohol and the Body

Alcohol, whether you drink or not, is a commonly used drug you may interact with as a health professional in your community. The Alcohol and Health Series provides an opportunity to learn about alcohol from many different angles. This resources focuses on alcohol and the human body. Alcohol is a legally available drug in Alberta for those over 18 years old. Alcohol’s chemical name is ethanol …

E-book Philippines Economic Update : Braving the New Normal

A series of unforeseen events caused an abrupt halt to the Philippines’ strong growth momentum in early 2020. As a result, the Philippine economy contracted by 0.2 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2020, a sharp reversal from the 5.7 percent growth over the same period a year ago. The growth contraction – the first in over two decades – was driven by a series of unexpected even…

E-book Canada Dietary Guidelines

In Canada, dietary risks are one of the three leading risk factors for disease burden, as measured by death and disability combined.7 Tobacco use and high body mass index (BMI) are the other two.Chronic diseases impacted by diet—namely ischemic heart disease, stroke, colorectal cancer, diabetes, and breast cancer— are among the leading causes of premature death in Canada.7,8 The burden of …

E-book Guidance on Sustainable Cricket Farming

As requests for advice on how to start cricket farms, or overcome problems that were being experienced arose, the idea of collecting existing experiences and formulating guidance on cricket farming emerged. This section seeks to address this demand for more and clearer guidance and information. It systematically describes basic management techniques needed to ensure best practices in rais…

E-book Kenyan Food Recipes

Complete absence or existence of limited quantified recipes has negatively impacted on optimal gains from dietary activities being promoted by the Ministry of Health (MoH) and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MoALF) towards alleviating food and nutrition insecurity, and ultimately malnutrition. The lack of reliable quantified recipes in the country may have therefore led to inc…

E-book Argentina : Escaping Crises, Sustaining Growth, Sharing Prosperity

“Argentina: Escaping crisis, sustaining growth, sharing prosperity” is an analysis on the medium-term agenda to ensure growth and shared prosperity in Argentina and comes at a time when the country is embarking on deepening structural reforms while dealing with recent sudden financial market pressures that emerged in April 2018. The current government came into office at the end of 2015 fac…

E-book Fish to 2030 : Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture

The World Bank Group (WBG) Agriculture Action Plan 2013–151 summarizes critical challenges facing the global food and agriculture sector. Global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, and the world food-producing sector must secure food and nutrition for the growing population through increased production and reduced waste. Production increase must occur in a context where resour…

E-book Healthy Recipes

This e-book contains healthy recipes of foods.

E-book Milk and Milk Products

Information required in Section 7 of this Standard and Sections 4.1 to 4.8 of the General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1-1985), and, if necessary, storage instructions, shall be given either on the container or in accompanying documents, except that the name of the product, lot identifi cation, and the name and address of the manufacturer or packer shall appear on…

E-book Forests and Water

As well as protecting water resources, forests also conserve biodiversity. National commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity are being fulfilled through measures to safeguard water and establish “protected” and “protective” forests, as well as many kinds of forests certified for sustainability. Forests also provide carbon fixation and several other environmen…

E-book World Cotton Day 2023 Report: Making Cotton Fair and Sustainable for A…

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E-book Limiting Climate Breakdown - Through South-South and Triangular Indust…

As we stand on the precipice of an escalating climate crisis, the relevance and importance of South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) has never been more pronounced. SSTIC, as an international cooperative mechanism, holds a compelling potential to strategically address and limit climate breakdown. This publication seeks to outline the technical and economic dimensions of how S…

E-book Ending Hunger - Through South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation

Agribusiness development is largely predicated on the adoption and utilization of advanced agricultural technologies. This includes precision farming methods, integrated pest management techniques, innovative irrigation systems, and technologies that facilitate value addition such as advanced processing and packaging methods. By leveraging SSTIC, UNIDO is encouraging the exchange and adaptatio…

E-book Supporting Sustainable Supply Chains - Through South-South and Triangu…

As an indispensable axis of contemporary international cooperation, South-South and Triangular Industrial Cooperation (SSTIC) operates at the intersection of global value chains and sustainability. This strategic platform embodies an evolving paradigm, explicitly designed to foster the technical and economic prerequisites for the creation of sustainable supply chains. This publication elaborate…

E-book Green Hydrogen Sustainable Industrial Development: A Policy Toolkit fo…

Green Hydrogen represents a unique opportunity for the clean energy transition. Climate change is an existential threat to a sustainable future, but at the same time, facing up to the climate challenge is an opportunity to promote prosperity and a brighter future for all. Green hydrogen and its derivatives will play a vital role in the just energy transition. This collaboration between UNIDO, t…

E-book Maximising Nutrition in Fisheries and Aquaculture

The need to feed a growing global population and respond to increased demand for fish puts pressure on natural resources and challenges the sustainability of marine and inland fisheries and of aquaculture development. There is growing evidence of increases in resource conflicts (e.g. arising from competing demands for water resources in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) and ecological impacts (e…

E-book Whales and Whaling

The marine ecosystem food chain can be described in its simplest form as plankton eaten by fish and the fish eaten by whales. We can visualize this as a food pyramid in which the fewer top level organisms are supported by a larger number of food organisms. With the moratorium on commercial whaling protecting even abundant whale species, if their abundance continues to increase, the top layer al…

E-book Women and Trade : The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality

As this report demonstrates, women are often more economically vulnerable than men and thus are less likely to be resilient in the face of the crisis. As economies emerge out of the crisis, it is important that governments generate long-term gender-inclusive growth by addressing the constraints that women face. Although most of this report was prepared prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemi…

E-book Cattle Diseases : The Farmer's Guide

Anthrax has not been diagnosed in SA for many years, but the risk of an outbreak is heightened with occasional detections in NSW and Victoria as well as isolated outbreaks in WA and Queensland. Anthrax is caused by a bacterium that affects many species including cattle, sheep, goats and humans. The bacterium produces spores when exposed to air that persist in soil for many years. The disease is…

E-book Prevention and Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Thoughts…

Transitioning to adulthood is a time of significant change, particularly for college students. While many young adults take on more responsibilities and navigate new relationships, those residing on college campuses must also adapt to living away from home while facing greater academic demands. Surrounded by roommates and peers, college students experience social pressures constantly. They may …

E-book Treatment for Suicidal Ideation, Self-Harm, and Suicide Attempts Among…

Suicide, suicide attempts, self-harm, and suicidal ideation are significant public health concerns in young people. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 in the United States, and suicide attempts are significantly higher among youth, compared to adults. Suicidal ideation, selfharm, and suicide attempts are more common than suicide death…

E-book Research on Suicide and its Prevention : What the Current Evidence Rev…

What does the current evidence tell us about suicide, and what can be done to prevent suicidal behaviours? Where are the evidence gaps when it comes to fully understanding the complex and often interacting factors that drive individuals to self-harming behaviours, and what are the most appropriate and effective tools to assist them? To help answer these questions, the Mental Health Commission o…

E-book World Trade Statistical Review 2023

The World Trade Statistical Review 2023 presents recent trends in international trade at a time of geopolitical and macroeconomic strains and technological challenges affecting the global economy and supply chains. The data cover merchandise and services trade broken down by geographical origin, main product groups and sectors, along with related data on key economic developments such as GDP gr…

E-book Developing Sustainable Food Value Chains: Practical Guidance for Syste…

This brief provides a rigorous and standardized approach for value chain analysis and design (VCA/D).1 It assumes that a specific value chain (VC) has already been selected and describes how to complete the first two steps for its sustainable evelopment, namely analysing the VC and designing an upgrading strategy and development plan for it.2 The next step, beyond this brief, is the implementat…

E-book FAO Publications Catalogue 2023

Only with knowledge can we free the world from hunger, malnutrition and poverty. According to the Basic Texts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Organization’s first function is to “collect, analyse, interpret and disseminate information relating to nutrition, food and agriculture”. FAO’s strategic focus on “the four betters” – better product…